MongoDB

Introduction to MongoDB

MongoDB is a source-available cross-platform document-oriented database program. Classified as a NoSQL database program, MongoDB uses JSON-like documents with optional schemas.

Key Concepts

Document Model

Data is stored in BSON (Binary JSON) documents. Fields can vary from document to document and data structure can be changed over time.

{
  "_id": "507f1f77bcf86cd799439011",
  "name": "Alice",
  "age": 25,
  "address": {
    "street": "123 Main St",
    "city": "Wonderland"
  }
}

Collections vs. Tables

• RDBMS: Tables -> Rows -> Columns
• MongoDB: Collections -> Documents -> Fields

Features

• Ad-hoc queries: Supports field, range query, and regular expression searches.
• Indexing: Any field in a document can be indexed.
• Replication: Provides high availability with replica sets.
• Sharding: Horizontal scaling by distributing data across multiple machines.

When to use MongoDB?

• Content Management Systems (CMS).
• Catalogs (e.g., E-commerce product catalogs).
• Real-time analytics.